TBL Trends
January 2014
Vol 4 Issue 1
 

President's Message

Wayne McCormack, PhD
University of Florida

It's time to get registered for the 2014 annual meeting of the TBLC and work on travel plans! We look forward to seeing you in Fort Worth, Texas during March 6-8, 2014. Early Bird registration ends January 17th, so be sure to register early to take advantage of the discount for early registration. Detailed program information is available at the TBLC website. We are excited this year to have on our program Eric Mazur as our opening plenary speaker, and Larry Michaelsen as our closing plenary speaker. And of course in between those sessions you will have lots of opportunities to immerse yourself in TBL fundamentals, recent innovations, and research & scholarship in team-based learning workshops. With two sessions of short oral presentations and two opportunities to view posters, we will have plenty of opportunities to share TBL experiences and learn from each other.

A "first" for our 2014 TBLC annual conference will be the announcement of our first-ever "TBL Research Grant" awards. The Research & Scholarship Committee is reviewing 17 applications, and is anticipated to select two to four projects to support new educational research or evaluation proposals in 2014-2015. We hope this program supports and encourages research and scholarship in team-based learning, and leads to collaborative projects across the TBLC community.

Thank you to those of you who responded to our request for volunteers to serve on our working committees. We continue to need new members on our committees to help our organization accomplish its goals. Please look for committee members at the conference, ask them about their goals and ongoing projects, and consider adding your expertise to committees you are interested in. We will also have a designated time to meet with committee members at the annual conference. I would like to take this opportunity to thank our present committee members for all the work they do as we strive to transform and support education through Team-Based Learning at all levels and in all fields.

See you in Fort Worth!


Implementing Scratch Offs for the Team Readiness Assurance Tests (T-RAT) in an Online Environment

Paul Erickson, Michele C. Clark, Sue Armitage
University of Nevada Las Vegas

Team Based Learning (TBL) offers students active engagement and opportunities to practice higher levels of learning. When using this evidence based teaching strategy the readiness assurance process is a critical activity to prepare students for the application exercises. However, when incorporating one of TBL's important principles - frequent and immediate feedback in an online platform - one encounters challenges. It is not difficult to create the Individual Readiness Assurance Tests (I-RAT) in most online platforms. However, creating the T-RAT presents unique challenges, especially for an asynchronous online course. The goal for the online program using TBL was to create an online scratch off that would provide students with immediate feedback on their answers for the T-RAT.

To accomplish this, the UNLV School of Nursing and the UNLV Office of Online Education decided to implement the activity in three components:

  1. A user interface that was originally developed in Adobe Flash, and has now been converted to mobile friendly HTML5.

  2. A database application to store asynchronous responses.

  3. A BlackBoard component for interactive group discussions.

In short the online T-RAT scratch off works like this:

  • Questions and responses are stored in the database. A link to these questions is available in the Learning Management System (LMS).
  • When a group is ready to participate, members login in to see the questions and discuss them in their group discussion area in the LMS. On behalf of the group, one student is selected to answer the T-RAT questions.
  • When the group members reach consensus on the answers, the selected student returns to the T-RAT to answer the questions. If the group members answer to a question is correct on the first attempt they receive 5 points and move on. If the groups members' answer is incorrect they can stop, go back to the discussion area, then come back when they feel they have the correct answer. For each subsequent incorrect answer the point value for that question decreases by one. Therefore the group receives 5, 3, 1 or 0 points depending on when the correct answer is chosen.
  • Throughout the process the group's responses are recorded in the database and the T-RAT can be stopped and returned to at any time. When group members return, the database returns them to their current question with their previous attempt to answer that question already marked. This ensures they always return to the same place where they left off.

Since responses (both incorrect and correct, and in the order chosen) are stored in the database the instructor can review these data in a dashboard to determine which questions the students are having difficulty with, and which responses may be the most misleading.

Once the group has completed all of the questions they can return to the discussion area to decide if the appeal process would be appropriate for any of the questions.
For specific questions about this process feel free to email Paul Erickson

In a future article the Scenario Based TBL activity will be described. This activity includes a question, a single response, and the group submitting a collaborative defense explaining why they choose their response.

 




Spreading the word from Singapore

Sandy Cook, Scott Compton, Robert Kamei
DUK-NUS Graduate Medical School

While many of the early TBL pioneers (Larry Michaelsen, Dean Parmelee, Ruth Levine, to name just a few) have been traveling the world, preaching the gospel of TBL and making significant impact - we wanted to share a bit with you of the impact being made in Singapore and by Singapore. In 2006, one of the first American Style Medical Schools was started in Singapore as a joint partnership with Duke and National University of Singapore - Duke-NUS. From the beginning, we chose TBL to enrich our student learning and were graciously mentored and encouraged by Dean and Larry.


Being inspired, we wanted to share our enthusiasm and expertise with others who were developing educational activities in Southeast Asia. One of our first projects was in Cambodia in 2010. They have a great need to improve the practicing health professionals in basic preventive and public health issues such as hygiene, immunizations, obstetrics, but have few trained physicians available to teach. In addition, the idea of learning in teams was foreign to Cambodia and yet traditional learning did not engage them in changing practice. Working closely with a local Non-Government Organization (NGO), we helped set up TBL modules for a Nurse Midwife education program and a Continuing Medical Education program for physicians. These programs were accepted extremely well and were considered a great success. We were also invited to Tanzania in 2010, to share this concept with the Kilimanjaro Christian Medical School (KCMC), a partner with Duke University in developing medical education in Africa. They too were inspired to begin to change the educational framework to deliver medical education for their new school (Nyindo M, Kitau J, Lisasi E, Kapanda G, Matowo J, Francis P, Bartlett J (in press). Introduction of Team-Based Learning (TBL) at Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College: Experience with the Ectoparasites Module. Medical Teacher, 2014.)


Having these two successes and an ever growing set of invitations to share our experience and expertise (in Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, Taiwan, and Philippines, to name a few), in 2012 we implemented a TBL fellowship program here in Singapore (FTBL). Our first cohort was made up of 26 people from 6 different countries (Brunei, Cambodia, Philippines, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, and Tanzania) including a variety of fields outside of medicine. They have each introduced TBL in some fashion in their schools. Fifteen returned for a follow-up session and to share their successes and challenges as well as explored more robust evaluation strategies. Our second cohort included 12 people from five different countries (China, Korea, Singapore, Sweden, and Vietnam). We are pleased to hear reports of their successful use of TBL in their settings. We are planning our third cohort and are working with the pharmaceutical industry who want to explore using TBL to train staff. But the area that we are most proud is the impact we have had at Duke University and in Singapore. At Duke School of Medicine, they have introduced versions of TBL starting in 2012. In fact, Duke's beautiful new medical education building was specifically designed to support TBL. And many Duke undergraduate programs at Duke have begun to implement TBL as well. In Singapore, the newest medical school, the Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, has fully embraced TBL as their instructional strategy with our support and encouragement. And most recently the Ministry of Education (MOE) is exploring introducing versions of TBL in their primary and secondary educational systems, with over 100 teachers and principals coming to our workshops to learn more about TBL. (http://www.duke-nus.edu.sg/news/new-singapore-school-experiments-duke-nus-team-based-learning-approach) A few brave teachers dared to bridge the cultural divide and have demonstrated that engaged students can go beyond rote memorization and even enjoy learning through the use of TBL.


It was never a surprise to us that TBL would work in Asia - but we did not imagine having such a broad impact.


Managing Online Discussions with a Participation Portfolio
John Fritz
University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC)

Research suggests that discussion boards are critical to effective online learning. The same is true when using online discussions in team-based learning (TBL). However, a vexing problem is deciding if and how to assess them. Do we take a quantitative or qualitative approach? For example, if we decide to require a certain number of posts, we could be encouraging meaningless "Me, too" or "I agree" posts that do nothing more than pad a student's quota. By contrast, if we grade discussions based on the quality of participation, we could back ourselves into an awkward "I'll know it when I see it" corner, as students learn what a "substantive" post or reply means only after they've done so. Perhaps worse, under either approach, the onus typically falls on the instructor to review most (if not all) student posts to determine the grade, a burden that could become overwhelming in active or large enrollment courses.

The "participation portfolio" is a "best of both" approach encouraging students to take responsibility for their own learning, but assumes faculty are willing to let them by redesigning their discussion assignments. Since 2005 more than 50 faculty members have participated in UMBC's hybrid course redesign training program that includes how to implement the participation portfolio. Over the years, the approach has been refined and tweaked by the faculty themselves, but the basics include the following:

  1. Instructor defines a grading rubric for a good post and reply; this is THE hardest task for instructors;

  2. Using the rubric, students propose a grade they feel they deserve, based on 3-5 examples of their best posts and replies;

  3. Students copy and paste their "evidence" into a portfolio "template" and submit it electronically.

  4. Portfolios cover separate weeks to avoid an end of term rush to submit them all. Just assign and spread out a few portfolios, perhaps weekly to get started;

  5. Instructors can accept, raise or lower grade based on quality of the evidence in the portfolio and defined by the rubric (#1);

  6. Key: Students (not the instructor) hunt and gather their quality participation, which is a bit time-saver in an active course.

We've seen the participation portfolio used in many teaching contexts, but there are some issues and opportunities to doing so in TBL. By definition, TBL understandably focuses on team assignments, but individual assignments still account for the largest percentage of the overall grade (typically 50 percent or more), and most of the writing rigor. TBL proponents discourage extensive written assignments for teams, which usually take a "divide and conquer" approach that inhibits true collaboration among members. But does this mean that individual assignments are just "bolt-on" activities to TBL courses, or can they also facilitate the peer to peer learning for which TBL is known? By using the participation portfolio as an individual assignment that complements team and class learning goals, TBL instructors can help students prepare for and extend conversations, whether they occur online or in class. For more information, including a sample rubric, portfolio template and a student orientation video, visit www.umbc.edu/go/hybrid-portfolio.

 

 


 
 

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